The presence of these traits suggests an increase in carbohydrate intake within the LN/CA periods, and fits with the data recorded by isotopic analyses, reporting a decreasing trend in animal protein intake and an increase in vegetal protein consumption from EN to LN and CA, along with an intensification of the agricultural practices in South-Italian farming communities at the end of the Neolithic period 25 , 53 .
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Ancient oral microbiomes support gradual Neolithic dietary shifts towards agriculture.
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