Evaluating the Effects of Cu2+ on the Development and Reproduction of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table.

Age-specific Survivability and Age-stage Specific Fecundity The l x curve is a simplified version of the s xj curve, showing a decreasing trend in the survival rate of S. litura with age ( Fig. 2 ).

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In the case of low Cu 2+ concentrations (2–8 mg/kg), the mean fecundity followed an increasing trend, with 2244.77 eggs under 4 mg/kg Cu 2+ treatment, which was significantly higher than that under 16 mg/kg treatment (947.46 eggs).

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