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Lethal Concentration and Sporulation by Contact and Direct Spray of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on Different Stages of <i>Nezara viridula</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).

J Fungi (Basel) · 2022 · PMC9694363 · PMID 36354931

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highly significantp ≤ 0.0001actually significant
Highly significant differences in life stages mortality among concentration were found by direct spray (df = 4, 149, p ≤ 0.0001) for 2nd instar: F = 26.01, 3rd instar: F = 22.20, 4th instar: F = 18.04, 5th instar: F = 13.63, and adult: F = 6.25 and by contact (df = 4, 149, p ≤ 0.0001) for 2nd instar: F = 16.06, 3rd instar: F = 9.95, 4th instar: F = 21.23, 5th instar: F = 6.29, and adult: F = 3.78 with an obvious decreasing pathogenicity pattern from younger to older instars to adult stage at all concentrations.

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