Price minimizing behaviours by smokers in Europe (2006-20): evidence from the International Tobacco Control Project.

Eur J Public Health · 2022 · PMC9713454 · PMID 36215655

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

A linear increasing trend was found in England and Germany Cohort 1, a decreasing trend in the Netherlands, and no linear trends for France and Germany Cohort 2.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Sensitivity analyses excluding dual smokers found no linear trends in England and Germany Cohort 2, while an increasing trend was found for Germany Cohort 1.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.