Hemoglobin induces inflammation through NF-kB signaling pathway and causes cell oxidative damage in grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>).

Front Immunol · 2022 · PMC9727223 · PMID 36505464

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Subsequently, the mRNA expression levels of cytokines were quantified in L8824 cells after incubation with the different Hb preparations and heme, and this revealed that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was almost significantly upregulated in heme- and Hb-Fe 4+ -treated cells, especially at 24 h.

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