Time trend of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between 1995 and 2019 in Germany - Showcases for successful European legislation.

Environ Res · 2023 · PMC9729507 · PMID 36306878

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0010

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The decrease from 1995 to 2019 was highly significant for 1-OH-Pyr (p < 0.001) and 1-Nap (p < 0.001).

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Nevertheless, urinary Cot excretion in our study was slightly higher in the early 2000s compared to NHANES; however, a decreasing trend was also observed in the U.S. population over time ( CDC, 2019 ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.