Evolution of weedy giant ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i>): Multiple origins and gene expression variability facilitates weediness.

We did find marginally significant overexpression of ALS gene transcripts in weedy compared with wild individuals ( p = .052), suggesting constitutive overexpression of ALS may provide a survival advantage to weedy individuals in agriculture fields.

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We did not detect significant differences in the herbicide resistance genes' expression between weedy and wild populations (Figure 6b ), but the ALS gene did have borderline significant overexpression in weedy compared with wild samples ( p = .052); thus, changes to the regulation or copy number of this gene in weedy individuals may have occurred.

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