Under the appropriate annealing temperature conditions, these atoms can move into the lowest-energy positions through random motion [ 33 ], leading to smoother step terraces and an increasing trend of the step width and height with the increase of the temperature in the range of less than 600 °C.
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Study of the Cu(111) Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: The Morphology Evolution, Reconstructions, Superstructures and Line Defects.
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