highly significantp < 0.001
The three-group structure revealed (1) the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, including the Azores (hereafter designated as ATL/MED), (2) Canary Islands, Madeira and Cape Verde archipelagos (hereafter designated as ILS) and (3) Mauritania (hereafter designated as MAU) is supported by the highest highly significant Φ ct- AMOVA (0.76, p < 0.001) of the several groups tried (results not shown).