Modulatory effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of right insula on compassion motivation.

In the video-task randomization, rMSSD increased during stimulation in both groups ( ps < .04), followed by a further increase during the video in the sham group ( ps = .03), and a decrease in the active group ( p = .045); then, the opposite pattern emerged, with a significant increase from recovery from the video to task in the active group ( ps = .04) and a marginally significant decrease in the sham group ( ps < .056) ( Fig. 2 , lower panel).

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