Analysis of factors influencing surface settlement during shield construction of a double-line tunnel in a mudstone area.

25 and 26 , the maximum value of the surface settlement decreases with an increase in the tunnel’s burial depth, and the surface settlement on both sides of the tunnel shows an increasing trend, indicating that the influence range of the surface settlement increases, i.e., the width of the surface settlement trough increases.

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The surface settlement shows a decreasing trend with an increase in the thrust of the shield machine and an improvement in the grouting quality.

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