Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extractive on antioxidant capacity, production performance, and immune mechanism of breeding pigeons under stress.

Poult Sci · 2023 · PMC9803782 · PMID 36577268

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0100

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.0100

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP < 0.01actually significant

The data are expressed as means ± SD, and the differences between treatments were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05 and highly significant when P < 0.01.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Compared the control group, the Chao1 index and observed species count showed a decreasing trend of pigeon under stress, indicating the decline of species types and richness.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.