Fluorescent organometallic dyads and triads: establishing spatial relationships.

78,79 In Pd-catalyzed cross coupling reactions di- and polynuclear precatalysts and intermediates appear to be highly significant. 80 The small amount of catalyst used in such reactions and/or the small amount of binuclear species formed, renders their direct observation difficult – especially in the absence of a unique spectroscopic signature of such bimetallic species.

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