Disruptive selection via pollinators and seed predators on the height of flowers on a wind-dispersed alpine herb.

The interaction with population was nonsignificant for both linear and quadratic terms for all the fitness components, with a marginally nonsignificant interaction between population and the quadratic terms for the rate of nonpredation (Figure 4B ; P = 0.064).

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The interaction with population was nonsignificant in both linear and quadratic terms for fertilization rate, seed maturation rate, and relative female fitness, while the interaction with population fell just short of significance for the rate of nonpredation ( P = 0.081 and 0.082 for linear and quadratic, respectively) (Appendix S9 ).

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Nonetheless, the consistency of the effects of stalk height on the four fitness components among populations was reflected in highly significant values for the general pattern (Appendices S7 and S9 ).

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