Regional thermal environment changes: Integration of satellite data and land use/land cover.

For North China, Moran’s I calculated in the Inverse-Distance mode was lower than that in the Contiguity–Edges–Corners mode, but both showed an increasing trend after decreasing to the lowest value (0.267) in 2019, with values of 0.638 and 0.527 in 2017 and 2021, respectively (Contiguity–Edges–Corners).

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In terms of the average ( Figure 3 C), TCI mean in Northwest China showed a decreasing trend from 0.537 in 2017 to 0.396 in 2021.

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