<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (LA) Fermenting <i>Astragalus</i> Polysaccharides (APS) Improves Calcium Absorption and Osteoporosis by Altering Gut Microbiota.

As shown in Figure 4 , ACP-5 was significantly higher in the Mod group (5.891 ng/mL) than in the Con group (5.031 ng/mL) ( Figure 4 A), and OCN in the Mod group (4.914 ng/mL) showed a decreasing trend (not significant) compared with that in the Con group (5.815 ng/mL) ( Figure 4 B), indicating that dexamethasone significantly promoted osteoclast differentiation and had a tendency to inhibit osteoblast differentiation.

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The relative abundance of Ruminococcus was positively correlated with osteoclastic indices, and Roseburia showed an increasing trend after osteoporosis-modeling OVX resection [ 40 ].

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