Independent and Combined Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics as Supplements or Food-Rich Diets on a Propionic-Acid-Induced Rodent Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Metabolites · 2022 · PMC9863040 · PMID 36676975

Europe PMC DOI

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highly significantno p-value reported

PPA treatment induced a highly significant increase in TNF-α and IL-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokines, recording percentage increases of 196.81% and 482.8%, respectively, compared to the control group of rats.

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