Human leukocyte antigen alleles associate with COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and risk of breakthrough infection.

Using a linear model adjusting for age, sex, interval between vaccination and sampling, first vaccine, study and self-reported ethnicity, there was a significant difference in spike antibody levels observed for all individuals when testing the effect of HLA-DQB1*06 accounting for DRB1-71E/R ( P LRT = 5.2 × 10 −3 using the LRT to compare with the null) and for those individuals primed with BNT162b2 ( P LRT = 0.02), with a trend toward significance for individuals primed with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ( P LRT = 0.1).

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