All in the (Definition of) Family: Transnational Parent-Child Relationships, Rights to Family Life, and Canadian Immigration Law.

The transactional approach to family emphasizes self-identification—regardless of the existence of a biological relationship—of family members, who are often referred to as fictive kin . Examples of such family members include HIV/AIDS orphans in Africa raised by community members with whom they are not biologically related ( Abebe & Aase, 2007 ); and an increasing trend in the Global North of friends taking on familial roles (e.g., Georgas, Berry & Kağitçibaşi, 2006 ).

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