The borderline significant reduction of MAGE and the markedly significant difference in MAGE at the end of the study derived from the 7-point SMBG, and of the exploratory biomarkers CRP and FGF-21 in the TENS group as compared to the placebo group warrants further follow-up study to confirm the potential beneficial effects of TENS on GV, inflammation, and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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A randomized trial on the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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the placebo group before treatment; however, the initially borderline significant difference between the two groups became insignificant at week 20, indicating the potential amelioration of insulin resistance by using TENS (two-sample t -test showed a borderline significant pre-treatment difference with P = 0.098 and non-significant difference at week 20 with P = 0.437; mixed model 2-way ANOVA showed a significant group effect with P = 0.002).