Executive function abilities in cognitively healthy young and older adults-A cross-sectional study.

Front Aging Neurosci · 2023 · PMC9945216 · PMID 36845657

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0550

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0640

boldest claim

The sentences

just failed to reach statistical significancep = 0.055so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Shifting, the EF with the second highest decline rate, showed higher rates of decline than dual-tasking, but this difference just failed to reach statistical significance [ F (1, 41) = 3.89, p = 0.055, Ƞ p 2 = 0.09].

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just failed to reach significancep = 0.064so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Finally, updating showed greater decline than dual-tasking, but again this difference just failed to reach significance [ F (1, 42) = 3.61, p = 0.064, Ƞ p 2 = 0.08].

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marginally significantno p-value reported

Taken together, the decline of all four EFs differed from each other (either statistically significant or marginally significant), except for updating and shifting which showed rather comparable decline rates ( Figure 1 ).

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