We also observed an interesting trend towards lower Arsenophonus relative abundance with an increased relative abundance of other taxa known to be associated with honeybees’ health, such as Gilliamella , Lactobacillus , Bombilactobacillus (formerly referred to as Lactobacillus Firm-4), Commensalibacter and Bifidobacterium , as indicated by differential bacterial taxa abundance and correlation analyses [ 20 , 44 , 45 ].
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