Since fifth instar is the final larval stage of the buckeye, there may be significant physiological changes occurring as the they prepare for pupation that could influence resource investment and thus the interaction between immunity and feeding efficiency ( Awmack and Leather, 2002 ; Adamo et al., 2016 ).
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Feeding on an exotic host plant enhances plasma levels of phenoloxidase by modulating feeding efficiency in a specialist insect herbivore.
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