Both A1 and A2 treatments significantly outperformed the control (CK), with increases in aboveground biomass highly significant ( p < 0.001; Figure 2 a).
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Regarding the blood count (CBC) parameters, there was a positive and highly significant correlation between HB and HT ( p < 0.001); HB and NR ( p < 0.001); and HT and RBC ( p < 0.001).
As there was an extremely significant negative relationship between soil silt content and soil sand content ( r = 0.998, p < 0.001; Figure S4 ), soil silt content was excluded in all data analyses.
However, up to T14, no significant differences ( p > 0.05) were observed between the tests, whereas at T28, the difference was highly significant ( p < 0.001) between the control (an increase of 130%) and treatments, as was consequently the difference recorded for the relative growth rate (RGR) ( p < 0.001) ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ; Table S3 ).
The system × hormone × retardant interaction was highly significant (F = 3.31) ( p < 0.001), indicating that the effect of hormones or retardants cannot be evaluated in isolation: no single factor could predict plant height without considering the others.
Linear regression analysis indicated a highly significant correlation ( p < 0.001) between root rot severity at the seedling stage and at maturity.
The data showed a highly significant difference ( p < 0.001) in the total amino acids, total essential amino acids, and total nonessential amino acids of N. oceanica between the different treatments.
sargentii lacked a correlation between A and g s ( Figure 8 d, p > 0.05), while the other five species all showed a highly significant positive relationship ( Figure 8 a–c,e,f; R 2 = 0.85, p < 0.001 for S. oblate ; R 2 = 0.95, p < 0.001 for H. dulcis ; R 2 = 0.93, p < 0.001 for A. chinensis ; R 2 = 0.54, p < 0.01 for V. rhytidophyllum ; R 2 = 0.73, p < 0.001 for C. trichotomum ).
Salt stress intensity exerted a highly significant effect on leaf area index (LAI) ( p < 0.001), whereas neither cultivar nor its interaction with salt showed a significant impact ( Figure 2 b).
AMMI (IPCA1) was highly significant ( p < 0.001) according to the AMMI model’s analysis of variance ( Table 1 ).
A highly significant main effect of treatment was also observed (F 4,186 = 8.40, p < 0.001), indicating that mT concentration strongly influenced shoot proliferation.
AMMI Analysis of G × E Interaction The AMMI model analysis of variance (ANOVA) of eleven cassava genotypes measured in four environments showed that the mean square (MS) for genotype, environment and GEI were highly significant ( p < 0.001) for fresh root yield and dry matter content ( Table 1 ).
Despite this mid-elevation increase, a highly significant net decline was observed across the entire elevational gradient ( p < 0.001). 2.3.
Notably, shoot total phosphorus content consistently exceeded root content, showing a highly significant difference ( p < 0.001) under both P1 and P2 treatments.
The differences among these four groups were highly significant (one-way analysis of variance F = 18.73, p < 0.001, and eta-squared = 0.77; the Tukey HSD post hoc results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3 B).
Species Trait Differences When the populations sampled were grown in a common garden, the two species exhibited highly significant ( p < 0.001) differences in growth performance measures, as well as in most leaf economic and hydraulic traits ( Table 1 ).
The ANCOVA also revealed a highly significant effect of the covariate ( p < 0.001), i.e., leaf size, with respect to disease severity, sporulation severity, sporangia produced per leaf, and Pv DNA concentration in the DM lesions.
Among microbial factors, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteriae each showed highly significant positive effects ( p < 0.001 or p < 0.01), whereas Verrucomicrobiae had a significant negative effect ( p < 0.05).
Using all 70 markers, GAP prediction in Q × RX showed an extremely significant positive correlation ( p < 0.001), r = 0.4819; using the 8 screened PIC > 0.25 and HWE-conforming markers, the correlation increased to r = 0.5755 ( p < 0.001); using the 10 significantly associated markers yielded a further increase to r = 0.5766 ( p < 0.001), representing the highest prediction accuracy among the populations.
Finally, the two first axis were also highly significant ( p < 0.001).
In all genotypes, the linear regression between both water indicators was highly significant ( p < 0.001), but not very strong (r 2 ranging from 0.61 to 0.80) ( Supplementary Table S2 ).
Relative Roles of Geographic and Environmental Isolation in Shaping Genetic Differentiation Mantel tests ( Figure 5 a,b) revealed a highly significant positive correlation between genetic and geographic distance ( r = 0.7274, p < 0.001), and a significant positive correlation between genetic and environmental distance ( r = 0.3613, p < 0.05).
arvense exhibits a sensible reduction of F0 ( p < 0.01), but a highly significant positive correlation ( p < 0.001) between Ni and the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), the P.I. and the Tfm. 3.
However, the effect of season was highly significant ( F -Fisher = 63.6, p ≤ 0.001), with a general trend of season II > III > IV > V > I, suggesting a good establishment of the cover crop.
Consistent with the MANOVA results, two-way ANOVA for each CIELab parameter ( Table 1 ; Supplementary Table S2 ) showed highly significant effects of population ( p < 0.001) and a population × salinity interaction ( p < 0.05), confirming that population identity was the main driver of colour variation.