The ANOVA showed that the types of stress, the variety, and their interaction had extremely significant effects on the total N content in the three wheat seedlings ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 2 ).
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Analysis of Variance The results of the analysis of variance revealed the presence of highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01) differences among the 45 potato genotypes studied in all traits, including Fe and Zn concentrations ( Table 1 ).
The incidence of diseased plants was analysed, which revealed highly significant effects of the treatment (i.e., Fusarium isolate) on the incidence variable ( p < 0.01).
A comparison of soil metal distributions between GC and WC systems showed that Cd concentrations had no significant change between cultivation systems ( p > 0.05), while Pb showed highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) across the two cultivation systems due to anthropogenic input.
Nutritional quality showed highly significant correlations with plant height and leaf length ( p < 0.01) and significant correlations with tiller number, stem diameter, and grass height ( p < 0.05), whereas the dry–to–fresh ratio was only moderately correlated with plant height and leaf length (0.01 ≤ p < 0.05).
Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) among genotypes for all six agronomic traits evaluated, confirming substantial genetic variability with grain yield exhibiting the widest variation (CV = 28.55%), ranging from 0.25 to 125.56 g/plant.
Analysis of variance revealed that the effect of treatment (T) was highly significant ( p < 0.01) across all sampling days in both 2021 and 2022.
Highly significant ( p < 0.01) differences among genotypes were observed for all traits ( Table 1 ).
Highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) among RIL genotypes in each of the two replicated trials were detected by analysis of variance for TAC ( Table S1 ); the combined analysis across environments revealed significant differences for years, genotypes, and environment x genotypes interaction ( Table S2 ).
ANOVA revealed highly significant ( p < 0.01) genotype, environment, and genotype × environment (G × E) effects across developmental stages ( Table S2 ), with broad-sense heritability exceeding 80% ( Table 1 ).
The contents of total P and benzoic, salicylic, and linoleic acids were significantly and positively correlated ( p < 0.01), and a highly significant negative correlation was noted with the maleic and arachidic acid contents ( p < 0.01).
Variety, area, and their interaction all exerted highly significant effects on PC ( p < 0.01).
The leaf sampling area strongly influenced stomata width and had a highly significant effect ( p < 0.01) on stomata length values.
Notably, the genotype × light × growth phase interaction was highly significant ( p < 0.01) for all morphological traits.
Response surface modeling demonstrated a highly significant regression ( p < 0.01; R 2 = 0.9941; Table 1 and Table 2 ), with selenium concentration exerting the strongest influence on particle size.
The Mantel test results demonstrated a significant or highly significant correlation between gd and ggd (R 2 = 0.1942, p < 0.01), gd and pre (R 2 = 0.2018, p < 0.01), gd and vapr (R 2 = 0.3297, p < 0.01), gd and sra (R 2 = 0.3849, p < 0.01), and gd and tmin (R 2 = 0.0536, 0.01 < p < 0.05).
Effects of Cattle Manure–Mineral Fertiliser Co-Fertilisation, and AMF Inoculation on Growth Attributes of Amaranthus Highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) were observed in plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, and root length due to the co-application of cattle manure and mineral fertiliser coupled with AMF inoculation across the cropping seasons ( Table 1 ). 2.1.1.
In addition, pH had highly significant negative correlations with NO 3 − -N and TN ( p < 0.01).
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) The analysis of variance for all measured traits revealed highly significant genotypic (G) and Genotype × environment (G × T) variations ( p ≤ 0.01), indicating substantial genetic variability among the tested wheat genotypes ( Table 2 ).
spinulosa showed an increasing trend along with the increase of genotype richness levels; it was significantly higher in G16 than in G1 ( F = 5.622, p < 0.01), but it did not differ between the two treatments with the left two.
Phenotypic Variability of Measured Traits Across Seasons and Genotypes All measured traits presented highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) for treatments (irrigation levels and genotypes) and their interaction in each season, based on ANOVA.
Compared to the control (CK), the M treatment induced a highly significant accumulation ( p < 0.01), with a relative abundance approximately 3.4-fold higher.
Highly significant positive correlations ( p ≤ 0.01) were found between the following trait pairs: DBH and GD; DBH and RL; RL and LN; RL and LW; LL and LW; LL and LWR; LL and LA; and LW and LA.
Specifically, soil CPMI had a highly significant ( p < 0.01) positive correlation with wheat yield, grain and straw nitrogen uptake, cumulative nitrogen use efficiency, protein content, grain sedimentation value, and soil DOC and ROC.
Relationship Between Yield and N, P, and K Accumulation and Utilization in Dryland Wheat As shown in Figure 4 , wheat yield showed highly significant positive correlations ( p < 0.01) with N, P, and K accumulation, as well as with multiple nutrient efficiency indices.