A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Investigates Causal Associations between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Variable Risk Factors.

Multivariable MR Analysis of IBD In the multivariable MR model, smoking (OR = 1.415, p = 0.022), physical activity (OR = 0.519, p = 0.002), breastfeeding (OR = 0.466, p = 0.001), n -3 PUFAs (OR = 0.290, p = 0.017), n -6 PUFAs (OR = 0.785, p = 0.017), fruit intake (OR = 0.164, p = 0.009), vegetable intake (OR = 0.661, p = 0.017), and vitamin D (OR = 0.312, p = 0.047) had similar significant causal effects on UC after adjusting for genetically predicted appendectomy, whereas apolipoprotein A-I, total cholesterol, BMI, whole-body fat mass, hip circumference, and waist circumference did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 5 A).

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