Reporting and interpreting non-significant results in animal cognition research.

The larger density of smaller p -values is consistent with research with low-powered statistical tests in which the null hypothesis was incorrect, but which produces p -values that did not reach statistical significance.

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This is likely because we extracted results that we as coders had interpreted as being statistically non-significant for the manual dataset, but p -values in the range .05−0.1 are often interpreted by the original authors as “trends” or “marginally significant” and may therefore lead to author interpretations as if there had not been a statistically non-significant result.

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