Further qPCR studies in AX iAECs revealed deregulation of inflammatory genes like interleukin 6 (IL6; fc: for ALI 1.13; ALI + CS 1.85), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα; fc: for ALI 1.03; ALI + CS 2.25) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1; fc: for ALI 0.95; ALI + CS 2.86) which displayed a strong trend towards increased activation when exposed to high concentration of TiO2 NPs ( Supplementary Figure S1E ).
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A multiplex inhalation platform to model <i>in situ</i> like aerosol delivery in a breathing lung-on-chip.
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