Gut microbiota modulates visceral sensitivity through calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) production.

While VMRs for the higher distension volumes were higher in germ-free females compared to SPF females ( p = 0.025) ( Figure 3c,d ), responses in germ-free males appeared lower compared to their SPF counterparts ( Figure 3c,d ), although this did not reach statistical significance.

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