The efficacy and safety of additional treatment with short-acting muscarinic antagonist combined with long-acting beta-2 agonist in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chron Respir Dis · 2023 · PMC10052583 · PMID 36967224

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0800

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = .06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Additional SAMA treatment plus LABA treatment significantly improved the activity domain of SGRQ score (MD: −2.33, 95% CI: −4.15 to −.50, p = .01, I 2 = 0%) but only showed a trend of an increase in the impact domain (MD: −1.72, 95% CI: −3.49 to .06, p = .06, I 2 = 0%) and the symptom domain (MD: −3.37, 95% CI: −7.42 to .67, p = .10, I 2 = 65%).

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a slight trendp = .08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

There was no significant difference in the risk of exacerbation of COPD ( p = .20) and only a slight trend of increased severe adverse events (OR: 2.16, p = .08) and cardiovascular events (OR: 2.38, p = .06).

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