The quantitative data showed a trend of increasing proteoglycan production with increasing sound intensity; further, the proteoglycan production was significantly higher under LIPUS stimulation with the sound intensity I SPTA of 70–150 mW/cm 2 than the Ctrl group (Fig. 2 b).
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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes mesenchymal stem cell transplantation-based articular cartilage regeneration via inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway.
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