In the AREDS category 3 and 4 participants, the odds ratio (OR) was highly significant for neovascular AMD (OR, 0.62; 99% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.90; P = 0.001) but not significant for either central GA (OR, 0.75; 99% CI, 0.45–1.24; P = 0.13) or any GA (OR, 1.08; 99% CI, 0.70–1.65).
11 However, in 1 of the largest studies, multivariable analyses of the AREDS2 cohort of 1616 eyes with GA revealed a nominally significant association between smoking status (current vs. former vs. never) and faster GA expansion. 2 Similarly, in longitudinal phenotypic cluster analyses of the same cohort, positive smoking status and faster GA expansion rate characterized a prominent cluster division. 7 Hence, this factor appears to be