Guiding atrial fibrillation ablation combined with left atrial appendage occlusion procedure by fluoroscopy with or without transesophageal echocardiography achieved comparable outcomes.

The incidence of periprocedural complications including vagal reflex, phrenic nerve palsy, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade did not reach statistical significance between the DSA cohort and the TEE cohort.

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