The above results indicate a clear trend, namely, that the reduction in the mean maximal pullout strength after 360-degree turnback from full insertion increased with decreasing bone density. 3.3 Effect of the screw shape After full screw insertion, the conical screw obtained a larger mean maximal pullout strength than the cylindrical screw in the 7.5-pcf, 15-pcf, and 30-pcf groups.
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Biomechanical evaluation of pedicle screw stability after 360-degree turnback from full insertion: effects of screw shape, pilot hole profile and bone density.
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