Prevalence and temporal trend of prematurity in Brazil before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a historical time series analysis, 2011-2021.

Results: the prevalence of preterm birth in 2011-2021 was 11.1%, stable; the average in the pandemic period 11.3% (95%CI 11.2;11.4%) was similar to that of the base period 11.0% (95%CI 10.6;11.5%); the North region (11.6%) showed the highest proportion between 2011 and 2021; twin pregnancy (56.3%) and pregnant women who had 4-6 prenatal care visits (16.7%) showed an increasing trend (p-value < 0.001); the highest prevalence was observed for extremes of maternal age, pregnant women of Black race/skin color, indigenous women and those with lower level of education.

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In the study by Martinelli et al., 5 the proportion of prematurity in Brazil showed a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2019, with variations according to maternal characteristics.

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Twin pregnancies or pregnancies that had up to six prenatal care visits showed a trend of increasing prematurity for the period from 2011 to 2021.

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