Anticipatory Driving in Automated Vehicles: The Effects of Driving Experience and Distraction.

Hum Factors · 2023 · PMC10210198 · PMID 34348496

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp < .1so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

All significant ( p < .05) and marginally significant (.05 < p < .1) main and interaction effects will be reported in this paper—whether they confirm or disconfirm our hypothesis.

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approached significanceno p-value reported

Further, as mentioned previously, experienced drivers made fewer long glances to the secondary task after anticipatory cues appeared, a result that approached significance, suggesting that their lower trust may have led to lower reliance on automation before traffic events; lower secondary task engagement has been used as an indicator of lower reliance on driving automation ( Körber et al., 2018 ).

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marginally statistically significantno p-value reported

In the current study, a marginally statistically significant effect was found with experienced drivers reducing their rates of long glances to the secondary task display after the appearance of anticipatory cues while novices did not.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.