Does bilingualism come with linguistic costs? A meta-analytic review of the bilingual lexical deficit.

Psychon Bull Rev · 2023 · PMC10264296 · PMID 36327027

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0520

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0520

boldest claim

The sentences

failed to reach statistical significancep = .052so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The association between exposure to the testing language and lexical deficit failed to reach statistical significance in both simultaneous ( Q M [1] = 3.76, p = .052, g = 0.02 [−0.00, 0.05], k = 12) and sequential bilinguals ( Q M = [1] = 2.20, p = .138, g = 0.01 [−0.00, 0.01], k = 102).

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