Oral intake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles affect the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis in mice: involvement of the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

In the DSS group, the CMDI score showed an increasing trend, the colonic mucosal thickness and colonic histopathological score significantly increased, and colonic length was significantly shortened (Figs. 2 and 3 ).

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While the CMDI score and colonic mucosal thickness in the DSS group showed a trend of increase, the colonic histopathological score was significantly high, and colonic length showed a trend of decrease, so we speculated that acute UC in mice had not fully recovered (Fig. 2 ).

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