Sphingid caterpillars conspicuous patches do not function as distractive marks or warning against predators.

For rodents, month did not influence predation ( χ 2 = 9.75, df = 5, p = .083) and bird predation only approached significance for lower predation in late July ( χ 2 = 13.32, df = 5, p = .021, Tukey's post hoc, z = −2.64, p = .088) than late September.

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