In the work of Zlatev et al., which evaluated 24,145 CNs performed in the United States of America in the years 2003–2015, it showed a trend in reducing the rate of open CN (OCN) from 76.7% to 66.4%, LCN from 22.3% to 11.4% and, conversely, an increase in robotically assisted CN (RaCN) from 0.6% to 22.1% [ 88 ].
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The Evolving Landscape of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
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