Association of dietary intake of polyphenols, lignans, and phytosterols with immune-stimulating microbiota and COVID-19 risk in a group of Polish men and women.

was statistically significant only for lariciresinol ( p < 0.05) and on the boundary of significance only for total lignans ( p < 0.1), showing lowering the odds of abnormal values about 42 and 38%, respectively, with each increment of tertile category.

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Generally, a decreasing trend in the occurrence of abnormal values of Enterococcus spp. was noted across tertile categories of total polyphenols and all types of lignans except secoisolariciresinol.

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These relations were also reflected by a decline in the risk of the disease with each movement to a higher category of tertile intake (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.61 for secoisolariciresinol, OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–0.95 for phytosterols and OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.72 for stigmasterols) and with doubling of intake (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24–0.79 for secoisolariciresinol, OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.04–1.01 (marginally significant) for phytosterols and OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.72 for stigmasterol, Table 3 ).

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