a significant trendp < 0.01
Multivariable analysis revealed a significant trend of low GCS ( p < 0.01), age over 80 years ( p < 0.01), DC ( p < 0.01), EVD placement ( p < 0.01), tracheotomy ( p < 0.01), and hypertension ( p < 0.01) After repeated operations (OR 2.199), tracheotomy (OR 7.219) can be used to predict the unfavorable outcomes strongly and independently.