Activation of Nod2 signaling upon norovirus infection enhances antiviral immunity and susceptibility to colitis.

Gut Microbes · 2023 · PMC10478738 · PMID 37655966

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a clear trendno p-value reported

And a clear trend was observed regarding the increased levels of secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in the supernatants of in vitro cultured colon explants from WT mice infected with MNoV_S99 and treated with 3% DSS vs those with DSS only.

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failed to reach significanceno p-value reported

Despite basal low-level activation in mock-infected cells, pIκBα intensity increased slightly at 30 min and 1 h post-infection even if it failed to reach significance.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.