approaching significancep = 0.08
In contrast, Recorded-observant condition was associated with the worst learning: specifically, there was a significant learning advantage associated with Live compared to Recorded-observant condition (M Live (sd) = 4.16 (0.06); M Recorded-observant (sd) = 3.86 (0.07); t (80) = 0.29, p < 0.0001), and an advantage approaching significance level compared to Recorded-alone condition (M Recorded-alone (sd) = 4.06 (0.08); t (80) = 0.10, p = 0.08).