Dissecting human population variation in single-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2.

We found that archaic haplotypes were 1.4–1.5 times more likely to alter gene expression in the basal state (one-sided permutation test, P = 3 × 10 −4 ) and after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 or IAV (one-sided permutation test, P = 9 × 10 −4 and 3 × 10 −3 , respectively) in Europeans, and this trend was only marginally significant in East Asians after viral stimulation (FE > 1.2, one-sided permutation test, P < 2 × 10 −2 ; Extended Data Fig. 8a and Supplementary Table 8a–c ).

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