Viral-like TLR3 induction of cytokine networks and α-synuclein are reduced by complement C3 blockade in mouse brain.

Given the risk of neurological “long-COVID” symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection 21 , 22 , evidence of COVID-induced changes in brain regions that are related to cognition and neurological disorders 23 , and association of COVID-19 with onset of neurodegenerative disease 24 , it is highly significant to establish the underlying biological cellular brain responses that are associated with TLR3 activation and viral inflammation.

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Interestingly, mice with reduced expression of C3 (C3 ASO injected mice) exhibited significantly reduced level of Il-6 elevation and a strong trend for reduced expression of Tnfa and Ccl2 in response to Poly(I:C) compared to animals with wild type level of C3 (NT ASO injected mice) (Fig. 3 A–C).

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