Multitargeted Internal Calibration for the Quantification of Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Endogenous Metabolites Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Principal component analysis (PCA) after unit variance scaling highlighted differences between the control group and CKD patients, as well as between the disease stages based on quantified patterns of metabolites. A significant trend in the metabolic profiles was observed according to the progression of the disease as the first axis represented 49% of the total variability ( Figure 3 ).

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