Lung volumes differentiate the predominance of emphysema <i>versus</i> airway disease phenotype in early COPD: an observational study of the COPDGene cohort.

Accordingly, higher TLC and FRC were associated with higher likelihood of developing spirometric COPD (p<0.001); the association of higher FRC/TLC with developing spirometric COPD did not reach statistical significance (p=0.10) ( figure 4 ).

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