Search for serum biomarkers in patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder using metabolome analysis.

Front Psychiatry · 2023 · PMC10509760 · PMID 37736060

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However, contrary to the results observed in the present study, the review also mentioned that both MDD and BD patients showed a trend of upregulation of choline and lactate in their brains, while the study mentioned that BD serum studies identified seven biomarkers in one or more studies, including pyruvate ( 38 ).

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