The frequency and performance trends of European countries in the U18 and U20 rankings for 1500 m and 3000 m between 2009-2020.

Sports Med Health Sci · 2023 · PMC10518800 · PMID 37753421

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a negative trendno p-value reported

For athletes competing in 1500 m, a significant and positive trend was shown for Denmark and Spain, while Germany and Sweden showed a negative trend.

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a positive trendno p-value reported

A positive trend was shown for Slovenia (i.e., 3000 m) over the years.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.